
During her last visit to Manchester our friend Eni, from Budapest, gave Tomoko and I
The Book of Jonah by the Hungarian poet Mihaly Babits. I finally took the time to read the book through yesterday. It is not too long and has three distinct sections. The first section is the KJV text of the Book of Jonah. The second section is Babits' recitation of the book in verse and the third section is a considerably shorter poem entitled
Jonah's Prayer, which is a poet's response to the first two sections.
Babits (1883-1941) was deeply concerned with the socio-political problems of his times
. The Book of Jonah addresses the tensions in Post-Imperial Hungary and the rising tide of fascism and Communism in central Europe. The underlying question posed in Babits' book is "what role has the poet in their contemporary time?". For Babits, the poet of the 1920's is someone who sees the potential for terror and human suffering brought on by the advance of totalitariansim. Poetry is contingent and as such it is prophetic. This is why Babits turns his eye towards the prophets of the Old Testament and in particular towards Jonah, who is called by God to warn the city of Nineveh that it must change its ways or face destruction. A divine investment is placed on Jonah as he has the potential to affect the future. The poet too, is invested with a kinetic energy - with the possibility to raise awareness and change hearts and minds. But with this investment comes responsibility, and so the poet/prophet must choose to face this responsibility or abandon it. Jonah continually chooses indifference and attempts to flee from his call. In Babits' recitation Jonah says the following to a sailor as he is thrown into the sea:
And unto him said Jonah: "I'm a Jew,
'tis from the Lord of Heavens that I flew.
What have I got to do with this world's sin?
'Tis only peace my soul seeks pleasure in.
Let it be God's concern and never mine,
I answer not for other's pain and crime.
Let me hide in the bottom, for I think
that I would rather drown here when we sink.
But if you choose to put me ashore, it should
be on the fringe of some far lonely wood
where I could starve on acorns and fruits rotten,
yet live in peace and of the Lord forgotten."
But the responsibility cannot be so easily removed, as Jonah is later forced to face up to what he has fled. It is this tension between taking on responsibility for one's contemporary times and taking the much easier path of indifference that Babits expresses in the final section "Jonah's Prayer" where the poet contemplates Jonah and prays for a voice with which to protest against evil and abandon both agression and indifference in favour of forgiveness:
Now I who (just as Jonah him evaded)
first fled Him, Then (As Jonah in the whale did)
descended in the death and live and hot
darkness of all earthly torments, not
just for three days, but for three months or three
years or centuries - I wish I might see
(ere a still darker, eternal whale would
swallow me down its mighty throat for good)
my old voice come back! Then, having arrayed
my words in blameless ranks, I unafraid
could speak for Him with all my bad throat's might,
I'd never tire of it from morn till night,
As long as Powers in Nineveh and on High
would let me speak and would not bid me die.